The Epidemic Of Ebola And Hiv / Aids Essay - 1363 Words

For thousands of years throughout history, humans have had to contend with the spread of infectious diseases. One of the greatest concerns in today’s society is the constant fear of a potential outbreak of an infectious disease. A disease for which society does not have a cure or vaccine available, thereby obliterating the human race if it were to spread. Notable cases include the emergence of HIV/AIDS in the 1970s and 1980s, and the more recent 2014 outbreak of Ebola in Western Africa. Examining the distinctions between the two can give us a better understanding of how to combat potential outbreaks in the future. Ebola and HIV/AIDS are two infectious diseases with many similarities. Both diseases are caused by viruses, originating in Africa, with no approved vaccines available, leading to mass casualties. Even with their similarities, the two outbreaks had vastly different outcomes. This is due to the â€Å"visibility and latency† (Ebola vs. AIDS, 2015). HIV, which causes AIDS, does not cause death directly, but indirectly, by compromising the immune system, making the person more susceptible to other deadly infections (Ebola vs. AIDS, 2015). Of the 70 million infected with HIV, the death toll is 35 million (HIV/AIDS, 2016). The Ebola virus can kill a person directly. It can cause high fever, vomiting, and hemorrhaging, leading to organ failure. Of the roughly 8,000 cases reported by the CDC, the death toll is 4,000 (Ebola vs. AIDS, 2015). Symptoms of Ebola can be present asShow MoreRelatedInfectious Diseases And The Epidemic Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesrid of infectious diseases as a new one seems to appear every few years. From diseases such as the great plague, the H1N1 influenza and more recently, The Ebola virus and the HIV-AIDs epidemic. Ebola was first discovered in humans in 1976 with 2 simultaneous outbreaks. In Nzara, Sudan, and in Yambuku Democratic Republic of Congo. The name Ebola comes from the river which is near Yambuku in Congo. The virus causes a serious illness which could be fatal in untreated as the virus infects the cellsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Disease1710 Words   |  7 Pagesand Western Africa, are HIV and Ebola, respectively (Wainberg et al., 2014). Similarities Differences Between Two Viral Killers: HIV Ebola HIV and Ebola share similarities with respect to suspected origin and routes of transmission but the outcomes for these two infections are vastly different (Tambo et al., 2016). Both viruses are zoonotic in nature, with primates as the known original hosts for HIV and bats and primates hypothesized to be the original hosts for Ebola (CDC, 2015). Routes ofRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Diseases Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthe vast numbers of individuals who fall ill due to an epidemic can increase healthcare costs as well as decrease labour markets. Indirect costs as a result of public actions, such as fleeing the area of outbreak, can contribute to economic damage (Barker Bacon, 2015); not to mentioned the increased likelihood of transferring the disease from one area to another. Two infectious diseases that are of continuous interest today, HIV/AIDS and Ebola, will be contrasted in terms of their outcomes and possibleRead MoreEbola Outbreak Of West Africa1655 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In the late 1970s, the international community was alarmed by the discovery of the Ebola virus. (Schwarz and Siegl, 1996) It was the ‘causative agent’ (Peters and Peters, 2015) of EHF (Ebola hemorrhagic fever). Ebola stems from a virus family know as Filoviridae. The virus targets various parts of the body causing a critical sickness of fever, diarrhoea, vomiting and in severe cases bleeding. However, infections do not always lead to death. ‘In previous outbreaks, 40-90% of known infectionsRead MoreThe Epidemic Of South Africa1666 Words   |  7 Pages At the height of the most recent Ebola epidemic in West Africa, fear amongst American citizens about the possibility of a more local outbreak resulted in representatives being pressured into creating harsh policies. One option that representatives of several states endorsed was a mandatory quarantine of all individuals arriving from Ebola-stricken countries. This policy was implemented de spite severe criticism from several medical professional organizations including Mà ¨decinsRead MoreA Research Study On Aids1396 Words   |  6 PagesEvery single news center has been focusing on the tremendous increase of Ebola cases lately. The thought of the disease itself instills fear in healthy citizens and produces panic in populated areas. Even though Ebola appears to be a relatively new disease to the world- making its first showcase around the 1970 s- its propaganda has overlooked other diseases. AIDS, a disease that was first documented in the 1980 s, has been a very prominent disease throughout the world. The relationship betweenRead MoreBackground Guide Of World Health Organization7133 Words   |  29 Pages Global Epidemic disease 1.Retrospect of the epidemic disease​​​​​​​ Case1 Aids​​​​​​​ 1.Aids 2.The cause of Aids and Aids’ human factor​ ​​ 3.The distributing of aids Suggestions for Further Research Relevant UN Action Case2 Ebola Read MorePrevention Of The Disease Aids Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesyears there have been many infectious diseases have been occurring and spreading across society. Out of the many infectious diseases, there are two that are going to be examined. The two diseases that are going to be analyzed and reviewed are Ebola and AIDS. The two diseases have a high rate of death among people who have been infected. The right rate of death has occurred for decades. Both of these diseases are highly effective at attacking the immune system of the victims. These diseases are bothRead MoreEbola Outbreak By And A Mask On The Face Of Death By Seltzer893 Words   |  4 Pages In both Ebola Outbreak by Dabbous and A mask on the Face of Death by Seltzer they discuss the social and political problems contributing to the spread of Ebola and HIV/AIDS. These Epidemics continue to spread thought out the world to millions of people. The main areas that these diseases began to spread began in very poverty stricken countries. Not only did poverty play a role in the spread but both Dabbous and Seltzer pointed out the lack of education in the area which leads people to easily beRead MoreThe Importance Of Country Information On Northern Africa1506 Words   |  7 PagesInformation: Northern Africa: Algeria- The citizens are living in poverty, but the nation is wealthy due to their mass amounts of oil. Their economy level is upper middle income rate. Within the country there is about 18,000 people living with HIV or AIDS. Algeria is willing to direct money towards healthcare, but it is riddled with poor infrastructure. Its citizens generally favor Western Medicine. Unfortunately the country faces overpopulation, and is overcrowded in some cities. Egypt- The Nation

The Effects Of Climate Change On Earth Today Essay

Climate change otherwise known as global warming has been an ongoing issue for decades. Beginning in the 19th century, climate change has increasingly affected Earth and its atmosphere. Rising levels of carbon dioxide are warming the Earth’s atmosphere, causing rising sea-levels, melting snow and ice, extreme fires and droughts, and intense rainfall and floods. Climate change has and will continue to affect food production, availability of water, and can add to many health risks in humans and animals. In fact, in an article by Justin Gillis titled, â€Å"Scientists Warn of Perilous Climate Shift Within Decades, Not Centuries† he focuses on a paper written by a former NASA climate scientist, James E. Hansen, explaining the effects of climate change on Earth today. Although many believe Hansen’s theories in the paper are quite far-fetched, the author mentions, â€Å"Despite any reservations they might have about the new paper, virtually all climate scientists agre e with Dr. Hansen’s group that society is not moving fast enough to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, posing grave risks† (Gillis). Gillis validates the fact that climate change has been rapidly expanding throughout Earth and society has not been able to reduce it fast enough. Many negative risks are being posed and will continue to mount if the issue of climate change is not taken seriously. Although climate change negatively affects nearly all aspects of the Earth, it poses a big threat to agriculture and food production.Show MoreRelatedIs Global Climate Man Made?1491 Words   |  6 PagesVetter 15 July 2015 Man vs. Nature Is Global Climate Man-made? One of the largest global conflicts of modern day society is the issue of global climate change. Throughout the years, the most notable modern research has been the recognition that humans activities are most likely accelerating the process of global climate change. Scientists have provided solid evidence of global climate change by humans in multiple studies, but others believe that climate change is caused solely by nature and the naturalnessRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Climate Change1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of global climate change is one of the most popular debates in modern day society. For decades, scientists have been battling to find the source of our global climate change. This matter brings to us whether or not humans are accelerating the process of global climate change. Scientists have provided solid evidence of global climate change by humans in multiple studies, but others believe that climate change is caused solely by nature and the naturalness of the Ear th’s cycle. AccordingRead MoreClimate Change : A Changing For A Brighter Future1485 Words   |  6 PagesClimate Change: A Changing For A Brighter Future About 4.543 billion years ago, planet earth was created. As the years went on, the earth was starting to support life. Anything from bacterias, insects, animals and humans were starting to prosper and this was becoming a problem for the earth. As the earth was starting to support new forms of live, many of it resources were being used up and as a result, problems were arising. Problems such as is there enough water, food and resources were questionsRead MoreClimate Change Is The Consequence Of Global Warming1096 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Earth is not dying, it is being killed. And the people who are killing it have names and addresses†-Utah Phillips. Climate change is something that, for the most part, human activity has control over. This is in effect because the reasons for climate change includes the burning of coal, oil and natural gas to fuel factories, operate home life, as well as inside school and work buildings, all of which incorporate human interaction. Th e result of this sends carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Average temperature of the Earth have increased by 1.4  °F over the past 100 years, and it is expected to increase approximately another 2 to 11.5  °F over the next century. Little changes in the average temperature of the Earth can result into big and possibly to dangerous shifts in climate and weather. Rising temperatures around the world have been accompanied by differences in weather and climate. A lot of places have already seen changes in rainfall which resulted in an increase in floods,Read MoreThe Ozone Layer And Global Climate Change1186 Words   |  5 PagesIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from countries all over the world under the auspices of the United Nations, concluded there s a more than 90 percent probability that human activities over the past 250 years have warmed our plane t†. The ozone layer and a stable climate temperature are the only thing protecting life on earth from the deadly UV rays and harmful global temperature rise. All around the world today the ozone layer is constantlyRead MoreClimate Change and Agriculture800 Words   |  4 PagesTopic: Climate change and Agriculture. In the countrie Solomon islands one of the major problems today is climate change activities. Climate change is the common tolarent background in which this account is looking at the changes that affects most aspect of the environment. How it is important of agricultural activities. The basic of greenhouse effect the gretly affected by changing of climate. However the potential impacts of climates change on agriculture onterms of food security. More overRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1544 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the vigorously discussed topic on Earth today. According to a TechMedia Network, â€Å"Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate.† (â€Å"Global Warming †¦ Effects†). We have been witnessing the change in Earth’s climate since past few years, and we are well aware of the consequences of climate change as well. Global warming has managed to listRead MoreHuman Activity Over The Last Century1208 Words   |  5 Pagescentury have caused major detrimental changes to the climate with carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases being emitted into the atmosphere. These changes to the worlds ecosystems and could involve key human health problems. There is worldwide scientific consensus and proof that climate change is real, evidence proves there has been 7 cycles of glacial advance and retreat, since the beginning of the modern climate 650,000 years ago. The evidence of our changing climate is from many forms of data collectedRead MoreThe Problem Of Climate Change1745 Words   |  7 Pageslong as humans have been on Earth, this and past generations have been destroying our home. Not just by the physical appearance though. All aspects of Earth have been at least altered by humans, including the climate. Climate change is becoming one of the faste st growing problems that the world is facing. Once one thing changes, it causes a ripple effect creating complications for Earth and everything that is part of Earth. If this problem is not fixed soon, the Earth as we know it will be forever

Qantas Issues A Challenge To Boeing Airbus -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Qantas Issues A Challenge To Boeing Airbus? Answer: Introducation Ethical consideration may lead to failure or success of a study depending upon the policies applied. Anonymity of the respondents has been maintained to protect their privacy. The data collected will not be used in any other articles or journals. The respondents have participated on their own free will and none of them has been forced to take part in the study. The aim and objectives of the research has not been exaggerated and transparency in data has been maintained. Literary review Cost structure is the segmentation of incurred cost on an organisation. According to Shepherd (2015), cost structure is the cumulating cost of both fixed and variable cost the company incurs in their operational process. Miln et al (2014) on the other hand proposed similar definition of cost structure and stated that it as a method of determining the generated cost in any type of organisation. The author further states that the structure is likely to vary over industries due to the nature of the organization. For example, cost structure of a manufacturing company will surely vary from the one in the service industry. However, the incurred cost can be divided under two broad types that are fixed cost and variable cost. Larson and Gray (2013) identified fixed costs as the costs that are unlikely to change frequently, whereas, the variable costs falls under the cost that frequently changes. Airline Cost Structure As discussed, cost structures significantly various over industries. The cost structure of airlines industry as identified by Button (2017) can be divided into direct operating cost, indirect operating cost and overhead cost. Direct operating costs are directly assigned to the operations of the airplanes and comfort of the passengers. Some of the direct operating cost incurred by the airline companies is fuel, maintenance, aircraft etc. Indirect operating charges as categorised by Osadchy and Akhmetshin (2015) are parking charges, crew and cabin salary etc. Sales and marketing expenses, accounting expenses, personnel related expenses on the other hand are categories under overhead cost by the authors. Impact of Direct Operating Cost As argued by Ferguson et al (2013), direct operating costs are the primary determinants of the cost structure in an airlines company and has significant influence on the pricing of the services provided. Modification of this cost structure incurred by the organisation significantly modifies the pricing of the products. The major players in the airplane related direct operating cost as identified by Ryerson and Hansen (2013) are the fuel price and aircraft price. A number of factors associated with costing further influences these operating costs. The primary influential factor as stated by Morrell (2013) in the currency exchange rate, that significantly modifies the incurred import rate of the products. Impact of fuel cost on cost structure Ryerson and Hansen (2013) in their research on Jet aircrafts identified that the inclined price of the fuel had devastating effect on the operating cost of the airline. The authors categorised the fuel price as the under the variable cost within the cost structure. This led the company to modify the cost model. They further related the fuel cost with the aircraft age as the incurred fuel cost is related to the condition and age of the aircraft. They further developed two cost models for identification of the efficiency of each model as low cost structure. Lim and Hong (2014) on the other hand identified the efficiency of fuel hedging on controlling low cost structure. The authors opined that The large fuel consuming companies can significantly reduce their operation cost by introducing fuel hedging model for minimising their incurred costs. Impact of Aircraft cost on cost structure Airline companies falls under the service industry, which only provides services to the customers instead of manufacturing anything. Hence, the products utilised in the process are imported from the manufacturers. The primary product that they import are the aircrafts itself, costing of which falls under the operating cost structure of the company. However, acquisition of appropriate aircraft is necessary for the airline company in formulating their cost structure and generating revenue. Hu and Zhang (2015) argued that it is possible that the revenue generated form an aircraft is lesser than the investment with requires the company to shutdown that particular aircraft. Impact of currency exchange rate on airline cost structure Morrell (2013) in his book pointed out the impact of the currency exchange rate on the airlines cost structure and profitability. Domestic airlines in this case are likely to be less effected due to the currency movement. Zeller and Metzger (2013) in their work successfully explained the impact of exchange rate on the international airlines companies on the profitability. This has been a critical issue for the international airlines companies and an important parameter for the airline operational cost. Company formulating pricing based on a particular currency faces competitive challenge in the market due to the exchange rate and accidentally might position themselves in a disadvantageous position due to the exchange rate. Customers might enjoy a greater benefits form a different airlines in the scenario. Furthermore, as stated by Delbari et al (2016) fluctuation in the currency rate is the greatest threat to the airline companies. This might significantly reduce the profit margin in of the company. Delta Airlines faced similar issue in their operations in Pacific market during the fourth quarter of 2014, when value of the Japanese yen drastically fell increasingly against the US dollar. This reduced the Deltas revenue by US$31 million (Sergio Mendoza, 2018). Exchange rate has similar impact on the other section of the operating cost. The primary sections that can be identified are aircraft import and fuel price. Modification in the exchange rate significantly modifies the fuel rate (Lim and Hong, 2014). This fluctuation in the costing destabilise the cost structure of the company. Fuel price is occasionally modified due to the exchange rate of currency. This demands the company to put the fuel cost under the flexible costing of the cost structure. Exchange rate has similar impact on the aircraft pricing. Lim and Hong (2014) relates the issue to the import and export of the aircrafts as the airline companies has to buy aircraft from the limited number of manufacturers around the world. Fluctuation of the exchange rate modifies the cost incurred by the company on the purchase, hence, affecting the operational cost of the company. Literature Gap The existing literature identifies the issues separately and fails to identify the relationships between the phenomenons. However, these interrelated issues are faced by the airline organisations. Gap into the literature provides opportunity for connecting the issues and identify how these elements influence each other, ultimately modifying the cost structure of the organisations. Objective of the research To identify the risk factors associated with fluctuations in exchange rates To identify the current strategies used by Qantas to mitigate risk factors associated with fluctuations in exchange rates To identify the impact of imported aircraft prices on cost structure of Qantas To identify the impact of currency exchange rate on imported fuel prices of Qantas To identify the impact of currency exchange rate has impact on cost structure of Qantas To identify the impact of fuel prices on the cost structure of Qantas To recommend suitable strategies for reducing the cost structure of Qantas Research Design The unidentified facts in a study are systematically revealed in research methodology. The approaches, designs and methods used during the overall study is described using research methodology. The research methodology will provide justification for choosing each of the methods. The variation of research methodology will be based on the nature of research, research purpose and general classification. Various criteria will determine whether the study is quantitative or qualitative, applied or fundamental, analytical or descriptive, exploratory or conclusive (Best and Kahn, 2016). This study belongs to the category of an applied research where a current research problem faced by Qantas. The managers in their organizational business model can implement the findings of the study. The identification of methods for data collection and analysis can be executed by research philosophy. Research philosophy increases the awareness of the assumptions and beliefs of the study. However, selection of the appropriate research methodology will depend on the practical implication. Positivism, interpretivism, realism and pragmatism are the different research philosophies used in the study (Bryman and Bell, 2015). Interpretivism consists of human element where reality is accessed using social construction. Phenomenology, constructivism and hermeneutics are combined in interpretivism. The view accepted in research is subjectivism, which consists of data collection from secondary sources such as blogs, articles, and peer reviewed journals. Naturalistic approach is used for conducting survey and questionnaires. Human mind is not dependent on reality where scientific approach is used for forming the main assumptions in realism. Realism will consist of both critical and direct re alism, where critical realism rejects human experiences and direct realism accepts human senses (Creswell and Poth, 2017). Positivism is used to identify the hidden facts and truths through observations. In positivism philosophy, the researchers are limited through collection and interpretation of data. Statistical analysis will be used for data analysis as observations are quantifiable in research. When actions support the concept then pragmatism will accept the dogmas as legit. There are multiple realities and various ways of interpreting data. In order to move to a different position on the range, the philosophical assumptions are modified. This is effective generally for dogmas that are mutually exclusive such as positivism and interpretivism. In this study positivism is the research philosophy selected as it will improve the scope of observation by allowing testing of formulated hypotheses. Deductive approach, abductive approach and inductive approach are the three different types of approaches in research (Flick, 2015). In deductive approach, the existing theories in the literature review are validated by testing the hypotheses formulated. Inductive approach is used for generation of new theories and generalizations in the study. Thus, deductive approach facilitates in quantitative measuring and analysis of data. Inductive approach is conducted in scarce resources and risk is high due to formulation of new theories. Abductive approach introduces facts that are surprising and the entire process will focus on examining and explaining he validity of these facts. This research consists of four hypotheses, which will be validate by using deductive approach. Thus, the deductive approach will improve the observational scope in the study. There are two types of research design in the study and they are conclusive and explorative research (Kumar, 2014). Exploratory research will not provide relevant conclusion by exploring the research questions. The studies in which the problems are not defined accurately will use explorative research design to gather relevant information. The alternate option to a specific problem will be provided by using explorative study. The research problem in conclusive study will be framed in a structured way and specific conclusion will be reached by using conclusive research design. This present study will use conclusive research for proving the existing theories in the study by testing the hypotheses. This study will consist of primary data collection method for conducting quantitative data analysis (Orkin, 2014). The study consists of single design so quantitative analysis is conducted through surveys and questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist of close-ended question asked to the employees at lower level in Qantas. Quantitative analysis is chosen because as the it takes less amount of time and comparison of findings can be done in easier way. The raw data collected using quantitative analysis will be transformed into meaningful data by using research tools of different types. Mean, mode and median will be calculated in descriptive statistics. Regression analysis is done to identify the degree and nature of relationship between variables in the study. The study will conduct four-regression analysis to link the variables to reach validate conclusion in the study. The selection of sample population form the overall population in the study can be done using sampling. When the sample population is large, the difficulty level of quantitative analysis and comparison becomes complex. Thus, for complexity reduction, the study will use sampling method to select a small sample size, which will represent the overall population. Probabilistic sampling and non-probabilistic sampling are two different types of sampling method used in the academic and business research (Panneerselvam, 2014). Probabilistic sampling consists of different methods such as, cluster sampling stratified sampling, systematic sampling and simple random sampling. Systematic sampling will select the kth variable form the population sample where k is the range. Stratified sampling will divide the population in groups that are non-overlapping and then simple random sampling will be used to select sample population from each of the groups. Simple random sampling will use randomization t o select population randomly. This will provide equal opportunity to the overall population of being selected in the study. Non-probabilistic sampling will include extensive sampling, snowball sampling, quota-sampling convenience sampling, and judgement sampling. This is used when there is a cost constraint in the study and population size is small. This is also used for gather-hidden population where there is scarcity of data. In this study, 250 employees in Qantas will be interviewed using structured close-ended questionnaire and 50 samples will be selected using simple random sampling. Researchers can use methods used in a specific study to gain similar results or different results. When the results are similar then it can said that the reliability of the study is high. Validity is the accuracy and precision of different instrument used in the study (Einstein, 2014). Validity and reliability in a study has to be high for obtaining positive result. References Baur, D. 2014.Explainer: how the Australian dollar affects the results of companies. [online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/explainer-how-the-australian-dollar-affects-the-results-of-companies-72585 [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. Best, J.W. and Kahn, J.V., 2016.Research in education. Pearson Education India. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Button, K. ed., 2017.Airline deregulation: international experiences(Vol. 1). Routledge. Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2017.Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications. Delbari, S.A., Ng, S.I., Aziz, Y.A. and Ho, J.A., 2016. An investigation of key competitiveness indicators and drivers of full-service airlines using Delphi and AHP techniques.Journal of Air Transport Management,52, pp.23-34. Einstein, A., 2014. Reliability and Validity.Rethinking Value-Added Models in Education: Critical Perspectives on Tests and Assessment-Based Accountability, p.131. Ferguson, J., Kara, A.Q., Hoffman, K. and Sherry, L., 2013. Estimating domestic US airline cost of delay based on European model.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,33, pp.311-323. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Hu, Q. and Zhang, A., 2015. Real option analysis of aircraft acquisition: A case study.Journal of Air Transport Management,46, pp.19-29. Kumar, R., 2014.Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Lim, S.H. and Hong, Y., 2014. Fuel hedging and airline operating costs.Journal of Air Transport Management,36, pp.33-40. Lim, S.H. and Hong, Y., 2014. Fuel hedging and airline operating costs.Journal of Air Transport Management,36, pp.33-40. Miln, M.J., Frendi, F., Gonzlez-Gonzlez, R. and Caja, G., 2014. Cost structure and profitability of Assaf dairy sheep farms in Spain.Journal of dairy science,97(8), pp.5239-5249. Morrell, P.S., 2013.Airline finance. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Morrell, P.S., 2013.Airline finance. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Orkin, K., 2014. Data Collection Methods. InEncyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research(pp. 1430-1432). Springer Netherlands. Osadchy, E.A. and Akhmetshin, E.M., 2015. Accounting and control of indirect costs of organization as a condition of optimizing its financial and economic activities.International Business Management,9(7), pp.1705-1709. Panneerselvam, R., 2014.Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Qantas.com 2018.Fly with one of the worlds most experienced airlines | Qantas IN. [online] Qantas.com. Available at: https://www.qantas.com/in/en.html [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. Ryerson, M.S. and Hansen, M., 2013. Capturing the impact of fuel price on jet aircraft operating costs with Leontief technology and econometric models.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,33, pp.282-296. Ryerson, M.S. and Hansen, M., 2013. Capturing the impact of fuel price on jet aircraft operating costs with Leontief technology and econometric models.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,33, pp.282-296. Sergio Mendoza, P. 2018.How do fuel and exchange rates affect airline pricing strategies?. [online] airnguru.com. Available at: https://www.airnguru.com/blog/how-do-fuel-and-exchange-ratesaffect-an-airline-pricing-strategy [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. Shepherd, R.W., 2015.Theory of cost and production functions. Princeton University Press. Wray, S. 2017.Qantas issues a challenge to Boeing and Airbus. [online] FINN. Available at: https://www.wearefinn.com/topics/posts/qantas-issues-a-challenge-to-boeing-and-airbus/ [Accessed 19 Jan. 2018]. Zeller, T.L. and Metzger, L.M., 2013. Good Bye Traditional Budgeting, Hello Rolling Forecast: Has The Time Come?.American Journal of Business Education (Online),6(3), p.299.

The Nineteenth Century Essays - Slavery In The United States

The Nineteenth Century The Nineteenth Century American The Nineteenth Century American was very different than the Twentieth Century American. They had different technology, food, laws, dress, customs, view of art and beauty, and family structure. They lived a lot differently than we do and they acted differently, also. They liked different things, and had different customs, also. They spoke English, but used different words and words had different meanings. The Nineteenth Century American ate many different things, but most of theme were simple. During the Nineteenth Century, the potato chip was invented. American Indian George Crum invented them in 1853. He was a chef at a fancy restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. Crum made French fries that were too thin to grab with a fork, to make a customer mad. They ate many things but mostly simple things. The enjoyed eating the hamburger, but they ate it on a plate, and not on a bun. Also Dr. Pepper was invented in the Nineteenth Century. A man named Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas invented it in 1885. He was a pharmacist, and he was experimenting with different flavors in soda. Also Nineteenth Century Americans ate oysters, oyster stew, New England clam chowder, many kinds of fruit pies, and seafood. Coffee was served with all meals. Breakfast was served around seven, dinner (now called lunch) at noon (except on Sunday where it was served around two), and supper at six. Nineteenth Century Americans wore completely different clothes than the Twentieth Century Americans. Many young boys and men would wear suits, even as play clothes. Many were dark blue, with or black. There were many ruffles and cuffs. Many men and boys would wear tan colored shoes. Most women wore long hooping skirts, also with many cuffs and ruffles. For work, many men wore blue jeans, after Levi Straus invented them. In the early Nineteenth Century, most people were of the Protestant religion. There were a few Catholics and a few Jews, also. Starting around 1820, many Roman Catholics and German Lutherans immigrated to the United States from Ireland and Germany, respectively. During the Nineteenth Century, many new religious groups were formed. Some examples are the Mormons (The Church of Latter Day Saints), Church of Christ, Christian Scientist, Seventh Day Adventist, the Shakers, and the Jehovah Witness. Many issues, such as slavery and marriage, caused denominations to branch apart. There have been many law changes in the United States since the Nineteenth Century, including many major ones, including slavery. In 1854, Massachusetts, Oregon, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Vermont all had prohibition laws that lasted until the beginning of the Civil War. From when the colonies became a country until the early Nineteenth Century, slavery was very wide spread, especially in the South. Many farmers and Plantation owners in the south had hundred or even thousands of slaves. Around 1860, there were as many as four million slaves, making up at east one-third of the population. During the early Nineteenth Century, many Northerners fought for abolition, while many Southerners fought for pro slavery. Some Southerners went as far as to say slavery was in the Bible, or that it helped the African-Americans, because they would have had a far worse life in Africa. The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws passed in 1850, by the United States Cong ress hoped to regain peace and end the fighting between the North and South. These laws helped delay civil war for about 10 years. However, from 1861 until 1865 the Civil War was fought to keep the Southern states from leaving the Union over slavery. The Union won on April 9, 1865, when General Lee Surrenders to General Grant at Appomatox. On January 31, 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution was proposed and on December 6, 1865 it was ratified. It outlawed slavery in all parts of The United States. Proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution stated that all people born in the United States should have equal rights. However, even after the Civil War, most African Americans were still not treated equally. In Mississippi, for example, all African Americans had to have proof